This is a scarce and desirable Indian Wars-era Hagner No. 1 leather cartridge pouch, designed for use with the .50-70 Government cartridges issued for the Springfield Trapdoor rifles and carbines. This particular example comes from the Canfield Collection, known for its well-preserved and historically significant military artifacts. The pouch still retains a single .45-70 round, likely added during the late Indian Wars period when the U.S. military transitioned to the updated cartridge in the 1870s. The Hagner No. 1 was one of the earliest standardized cartridge pouches adopted following the Civil War, issued in the early 1870s as the Army transitioned from percussion muzzleloaders to breechloading rifles. This early pattern features the distinctive front flap secured by a brass finial, with leather belt loops on the reverse and original stitching throughout. Though designed for .50-70 ammunition, this example’s continued service into the .45-70 era reflects how slowly surplus equipment was phased out on the frontier. The leather remains supple and well cared for, showing an attractive aged patina. The pouch flap is clearly stamped with the “US” oval, and the construction remains solid with no tears or major cracking. It includes a single period-correct .45-70 cartridge nestled inside, offering a small but authentic touch of frontier soldier life. This is a fine example of early Indian Wars field gear, and one that rarely appears on the market in such complete condition. Whether you are a collector of U.S. military leather, frontier arms, or Indian Wars militaria, this Hagner No. 1 pouch from the Canfield Collection is a superb piece of 19th-century Army history.